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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Software analytics</span></span>

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<p><b>Software analytics</b> is the <a href="Analytics" title="Analytics">analytics</a> specific to the domain of <a href="Software_system" title="Software system">software systems</a> taking into account <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>, static and dynamic characteristics (e.g., <a href="Software_metric" title="Software metric">software metrics</a>) as well as related processes of their <a href="Software_development" title="Software development">development</a> and <a href="Software_evolution" title="Software evolution">evolution</a>. It aims at describing, monitoring, predicting, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of <a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a> throughout the <a href="Software_lifecycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Software lifecycle">software lifecycle</a>, in particular during <a href="Software_development" title="Software development">software development</a> and <a href="Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">software maintenance</a>. The data collection is typically done by mining <a href="Software_repository" title="Software repository">software repositories</a>, but can also be achieved by collecting user actions or production data.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2></div>

<ul><li>"Software analytics aims to obtain insightful and actionable information from software artifacts that help practitioners accomplish tasks related to software development, systems, and users."<sup id="cite_ref-IEEESoftware-2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEESoftware-2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> --- centers on analytics applied to artifacts a software system is composed of.</li>

<li>"Software analytics is analytics on software data for managers and software engineers with the aim of empowering software development individuals and teams to gain and share insight form their data to make better decisions."<sup id="cite_ref-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> --- strengthens the core objectives for methods and techniques of software analytics, focusing on both software artifacts and activities of involved developers and teams.</li>

<li>"Software analytics (SA) represents a branch of <a href="Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> analytics. SA is concerned with the analysis of all software artifacts, not only source code. [...] These tiers vary from the higher level of the management board and setting the enterprise vision and portfolio management, going through project management planning and implementation by software developers."<sup id="cite_ref-BIGDSE2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BIGDSE2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> --- reflects the broad scope including various stakeholders.</li></ul>

<p>Software analytics aims at supporting decisions and generating insights, i.e., findings, conclusions, and evaluations about software systems and their implementation, composition, behavior, quality, evolution as well as about the activities of various stakeholders of these processes.

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<ul><li>Insightful information obtained by software analytics conveys meaningful and useful understanding or knowledge towards performing target tasks. Typically, it cannot be easily obtained by direct examining raw big data without the aid of analytics methods and techniques.</li>

<li>Actionable information obtained by software analytics steers or prescribes solutions that stakeholders in software engineering processes may take (e.g., software practitioners, development leaders, or C-level management).</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approach">Approach</h2></div>

<p>Methods, techniques, and tools of software analytics typically rely on gathering, measuring, analyzing, and visualizing information found in the manifold data sources stored in software development environments and ecosystems. Software systems are well suited for applying analytics because, on the one hand, mostly formalized and precise data is available and, on the other hand, software systems are extremely difficult to manage ---in a nutshell: "software projects are highly measurable, but often unpredictable."<sup id="cite_ref-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Core data sources include <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>, "check-ins, work items, bug reports and test executions [...] recorded in software repositories such as CVS, Subversion, GIT, and Bugzilla."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Telemetry" title="Telemetry"> Telemetry data</a> as well as execution traces or logs can also be taken into account.

</p><p>Automated analysis, massive data, and systematic reasoning support decision-making at almost all levels. In general, key technologies employed by software analytics include analytical technologies such as <a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="Data_mining" title="Data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>, <a href="Pattern_recognition" title="Pattern recognition">pattern recognition</a>, <a href="Information_visualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Information visualization">information visualization</a> as well as large-scale data computing & processing. For example, software analytics tools allow users to map derived analysis results by means of <a href="Software_map" title="Software map">software maps</a>, which support interactively exploring system artifacts and correlated software metrics. There are also software analytics tools using analytical technologies on top of <a href="Software_quality" title="Software quality">software quality</a> models in <a href="Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">agile software development</a> companies, which support assessing software qualities (e.g., reliability), and deriving actions for their improvement.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>In 2009, the term "software analytics" was used in a paper by <a href="Dongmei_Zhang" title="Dongmei Zhang">Dongmei Zhang</a>, Shi Han, Yingnong Dang, Jian-Guang Lou, and Haidong Zhang in part by the Software Analytics Group (SA) at <a href="Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Microsoft Research</a> Asia (MSRA).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The term has since become well known in the <a href="Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a> research community after a series of tutorials and talks on software analytics were given by the Software Analytics Group, in collaboration with Tao Xie from <a href="North_Carolina_State_University" title="North Carolina State University">North Carolina State University</a>, at software engineering conferences including a tutorial at the IEEE/ACM <a href="International_Conference_on_Automated_Software_Engineering" title="International Conference on Automated Software Engineering">International Conference on Automated Software Engineering</a> (ASE 2011),<sup id="cite_ref-ASE2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASE2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a talk at the International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering (MALETS 2011),<sup id="cite_ref-MALETS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MALETS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tutorial and a keynote talk given by Zhang at the IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training,<sup id="cite_ref-CSEETKeynote_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSEETKeynote-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSEETTutorial_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSEETTutorial-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a tutorial at the International Conference on Software Engineering - Software Engineering in Practice Track,<sup id="cite_ref-ICSETutorial_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICSETutorial-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a keynote talk given by Zhang at the Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories.<sup id="cite_ref-MSRKeynote_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSRKeynote-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In November 2010, Software Development Analytics (Software Analytics with a focus on Software Development) was proposed by Thomas Zimmermann and his colleagues at the Empirical Software Engineering Group (ESE) at Microsoft Research Redmond in their FoSER 2010 paper.<sup id="cite_ref-FoSER_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoSER-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A goldfish bowl panel on software development analytics was organized by Zimmermann and <a href="Tim_Menzies" title="Tim Menzies">Tim Menzies</a> from West Virginia University at the International Conference on Software Engineering, Software Engineering in Practice Track.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldfish_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldfish-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Mining_Software_Repositories" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining Software Repositories">Mining Software Repositories</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_archaeology" title="Software archaeology">Software archaeology</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Software development</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_development_process" title="Software development process">Software development process</a></li>

<li><a href="User_experience" title="User experience">User experience</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer software">Computer software</a></li>

<li><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Application software</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software industry</a></li>

<li><a href="Analytics" title="Analytics">Analytics</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-IEEESoftware-2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IEEESoftware-2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Zhang, S. han, Y. Dan, J.-G. Lou, H Zhang: "Software Analytics in Practice". IEEE Software, Sept./Oct. 2013, pp. 30-35.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICSESEIP12InfoNeeds_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond P. L. Buse and Thomas Zimmermann. "Information Needs for Software Development Analytics." In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2012), Software Engineering in Practice, Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012, pp. 987-996.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-BIGDSE2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BIGDSE2015_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. M. Abdellatif, L. F. Capretz, D. Ho. "Software Analytics to Software Practice: A Systematic Literature Review". 1. Int'l Workshop on Big Data Engineering, 2015, pp. 30-36.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harald Gall, Tim Menzies, <a href="Laurie_Williams_(software_engineer)" title="Laurie Williams (software engineer)">Laurie Williams</a>, and Thomas Zimmerman. "Software Development Analytics". Dagstuhl Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 6, pp. 64-83.</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFMartínez-FernándezVollmerJedlitschkaFranch2019" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez-Fernández, Silverio; Vollmer, Anna Maria; Jedlitschka, Andreas; Franch, Xavier; Lopez, Lidia; Ram, Prabhat; Rodriguez, Pilar; Aaramaa, Sanja; Bagnato, Alessandra (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/2117/133374/1/FINAL-Access-Paper-preprint.pdf">"Continuously assessing and improving software quality with software analytics tools: a case study"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IEEE Access</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">68219–</span>68239. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019IEEEA...768219M">2019IEEEA...768219M</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FACCESS.2019.2917403">10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2917403</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2169-3536">2169-3536</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrannon2013" class="citation web cs1">Brannon, Brian G. (23 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ieeesoft13-softanalytics.pdf">"Software Analytics in Practice"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>microsoft.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ASE2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ASE2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang and Tao Xie. "xSA: eXtreme Software Analytics - Marriage of eXtreme Computing and Software Analytics." In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE 2011), Tutorial, Lawrence, Kansas, November 2011.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-MALETS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MALETS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang, Yingnong Dang, Jian-Guang Lou, Shi Han, Haidong Zhang, and Tao Xie. "Software Analytics as a Learning Case in Practice: Approaches and Experiences". In Proceedings of International Workshop on Machine Learning Technologies in Software Engineering (MALETS 2011), Lawrence, Kansas, November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.engr.ncsu.edu/txie/publications/malets11-analytics.pdf">PDF</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/site/xsoftanalytics/malets11-msrasa.pdf?attredirects=0">Slides</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-CSEETKeynote-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSEETKeynote_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang. "Software Analytics in Practice and Its Implications for Education and Training." Keynote. In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T 2012), Tutorial, Nanjing, China, April 2012.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-CSEETTutorial-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSEETTutorial_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang, Yingnong Dang, Shi Han, and Tao Xie. "Teaching and Training for Software Analytics." In Proceedings of the 24th IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T 2012), Tutorial, Nanjing, China, April 2012.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-ICSETutorial-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICSETutorial_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang and Tao Xie. "Software Analytics in Practice: Mini Tutorial." In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2012), Software Engineering in Practice, Mini Tutorial, Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012, pp. 997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sa/softwareanalyticsinpractice_minitutorial_icse2012.pdf">Slides</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-MSRKeynote-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSRKeynote_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dongmei Zhang. "MSR 2012 keynote: Software Analytics in Practice - Approaches and Experiences." In Proceedings of the 9th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2012), Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012, pp. 1.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-FoSER-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FoSER_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond P. L. Buse and Thomas Zimmermann. "Analytics for Software Development." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Future of Software Engineering Research (FoSER 2010), Santa Fe, NM, USA, November 2010, pp. 77-80.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Goldfish-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldfish_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Menzies and Thomas Zimmermann. "Goldfish Bowl Panel: Software Development Analytics." In Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2012), Software Engineering in Practice, Zurich, Switzerland, June 2012, pp. 1032-1033.</span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoworld.com/t/applications/turn-application-metrics-business-value-241019/">InfoWorld: Turn application metrics into business value</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sa/">Microsoft Research Asia Software Analytics Group (SA)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/ese/">Microsoft Research Redmond Empirical Software Engineering Group (ESE)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.computer.org/cseet/2012/CSEET_2012/Dongmei.html">Software Analytics in Practice and Its Implications for Education and Training, Keynote by Dongmei Zhang at the 24th IEEE-CS Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T 2012)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sa/softwareanalyticsinpractice_approachesandexperiences_msr2012.pdf">Software Analytics in Practice – Approaches and Experiences, Keynote slides by Dongmei Zhang at the 9th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories (MSR 2012)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/groups/sa/softwareanalyticsinpractice_minitutorial_icse2012.pdf">Software Analytics in Practice, Mini-tutorial slides by Dongmei Zhang and Tao Xie at the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2012)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pinterest.com/tomzimmermann/software-analytics/">Software Analytics Pinterest</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/application-insights/">Microsoft Azure - Application Insights in Azure</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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